TWINLATIN: Twinning European and Latin-American river basins for research enabling sustainable water resources management. Combined Report D3.1 Hydrological modelling report and D3.2 Evaluation report

Water use has almost tripled over the past 50 years and in some regions the water demand already exceeds supply (Vorosmarty et al., 2000). The world is facing a “global water crisis”; in many countries, current levels of water use are unsustainable, with systems vulnerable to collapse from even small changes in water availability. The need for a scientifically-based assessment of the potential impacts on water resources of future changes, as a basis for society to adapt to such changes, is strong for most parts of the world. Although the focus of such assessments has tended to be climate change, socio-economic changes can have as significant an impact on water availability across the four main use sectors i.e. domestic, agricultural, industrial (including energy) and environmental. Withdrawal and consumption of water is expected to continue to grow substantially over the next 20-50 years (Cosgrove & Rijsberman, 2002), and consequent changes in availability may drastically affect society and economies. One of the most needed improvements in Latin American river basin management is a higher level of detail in hydrological modelling and erosion risk assessment, as a basis for identification and analysis of mitigation actions, as well as for analysis of global change scenarios. Flow measurements are too costly to be realised at more than a few locations, which means that modelled data are required for the rest of the basin. Hence, TWINLATIN Work Package 3 “Hydrological modelling and extremes” was formulated to provide methods and tools to be used by other WPs, in particular WP6 on “Pollution pressure and impact analysis” and WP8 on “Change effects and vulnerability assessment”. With an emphasis on high and low flows and their impacts, WP3 was originally called “Hydrological modelling, flooding, erosion, water scarcity and water abstraction”. However, at the TWINLATIN kick-off meeting it was agreed that some of these issues resided more appropriately in WP6 and WP8, and so WP3 was renamed to focus on hydrological modelling and hydrological extremes. The specific objectives of WP3 as set out in the Description of Work are

Manejo de lesiones dermatológicas virales desde atención primaria

Describir las características de diferentes lesiones tumorales virales y su tratamiento realizado por médicos de familia. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Emplazamiento: Centro urbano de salud. Pacientes: Un total de 225 pacientes adscritos al centro. Intervenciones: Durante 2 años se recogieron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, tipo de lesión, localización anatómica y tratamientos utilizados. Mediciones y resultados principales: Un 51% de la muestra estaba constituida por varones y el 49% eran mujeres. Casi la mitad tenían 15-34 años. Las patologías más atendidas fueron verrugas vulgares (72%), verrugas plantares (19%) y Molluscum contagiosum (8%). Todas las verrugas plantares se localizaron en extremidades inferiores; los condilomas y papulosis bowenoide en genitales; en cabeza y cuello un 35% de las verrugas vulgares (el resto en extremidades superiores) y el 26% de los Molluscum contagiosum (el 37% en tórax y/o abdomen). El tratamiento médico se aplicó en todas las lesiones genitales. La crioterapia fue el método más empleado, utilizándose en todas las verrugas plantares, el 53% de las verrugas y el 21% de los Molluscum contagiosum. El curetaje se usó en el 80% de los Molluscum contagiosum y el 30% de las verrugas. El rebanado en el 11% de las verrugas. Conclusiones: No hay datos concluyentes en la bibliografía referentes a la elección de la técnica para tratar estas lesiones. Recomendamos la crioterapia en lesiones múltiples y en zonas donde la cirugía pueda tener repercusión funcional. El curetaje parece eficaz para el Molluscum contagiosum y en resistencias al tratamiento médico

Ordinamenti tributari a confronto: problematiche comuni e aspetti procedimentali. Italia, Spagna e Colombia.

Il tema è incentrato sull'analisi degli aspetti extrafiscali del tributo in una visione comparata tra Italia, Spagna e Colombia